Defined in three parts, each written in full, each a lens on the other two.
engram core is three subsystems that are one system. Modality is what it can hold and how it can be asked. Substrate is how what it holds is encoded, identified, timed, recognised and kept safe. Memory is what it makes of what it is told. None of the three comes first; each limits the others unless they are designed together, so they are designed together.
The definitions are of equal weight and equal shape on purpose. A change proposed to one part is read through the other two before it is accepted, and if the lenses return different objects the change waits until the definition is amended. That discipline is as much a part of engram as any line of code.
What it holds
Nine kinds of holding stand behind one door: key and value, vector, graph, table, full text, place, bitmap, probabilistic summary, and the system's own state. Each has its own verbs and its own records, and every one of them makes the same promises about identity, time and provenance.
So a thing written once is findable in every form that can hold an aspect of it, and between the forms runs a mesh: every one reachable from every other by a path that is tested, one question answered across all of them as one ranked, dated whole.
How it is kept
Everything the node holds is encoded, identified, timed and recognised one way. One keyspace, one clock, one log, one wire protocol and one layer of encryption serve every form, so a snapshot reads all of them at a single instant and a key withdrawn withdraws every trace it protected.
Each thing carries one identity in every form it takes, and every fact carries two clocks: when it became known, which that one shared clock stamps the same way in every form, and when it was true, which travels with the fact itself. When the encoding changes, the memory is reborn from its base facts with every derived view rebuilt, rather than patched in place.
What it makes of it
A sender tells engram what it knows and what it wants: states, events and rules; aims to achieve, to maintain or to avoid. engram writes each part into every form that can hold it and ties the parts to one record, so a memory is one thing with many facets, not many entries that happen to agree.
Then it derives what it was never told: concepts from what recurs, beliefs from testimony that competes, implications from rules whose conditions hold, possibilities from rules whose conditions do not. Nothing is deleted except by an explicit erase, and every answer can say where it came from.